Mandarin cultivars are grown in most regions with temperate climates. The fruit of this evergreen, small tree that contains essential oils is a favourite among people in Turkey. It is grown extensively in the Aegean, Mediterranean and Eastern Black Sea Regions of the country. Tangerines account for 25% of citrus fruit production in Turkey. It is a sweet, fragrant, tasty and vitamin-rich fruit. Although mandarin trees are the most cold-hardy among commercially grown citrus varieties, the fruit itself is very sensitive to cold. Every variety has its own maturation period which collectively span several months. Rind colour can vary from pale yellow to dark orange. Tangerines are probably the most popular citrus fruit.
Satsuma
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Satsuma was originally introduced in Turkey through a cultivar that came from Japan, via Georgia. It later adapted well to the conditions of the Aegean Region where plantations have been expanding since. All of the satsuma trees grown in Turkey are of the Owari cultivar. The rind of the fully matured fruit is yellow-orange in colour and slightly pebbled. The fruit is medium-sized and oblate. It is a juicy, aromatic and premium quality variety with the added bonus of no seeds. Satsuma has to be harvested at the right time. A thin rind means that it is prone to puffing.
Nova
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Nova is a hybrid of Clementine mandarin and Orlando tangelo. It is a cold-hardy cultivar. The vigorous and high-yielding large tree has shiny leaves and can have thorns. The rind is adherent to the flesh so it is not so easy to peel. The flesh of the fruit is of superior quality. Plantations in the Eastern Mediterranean region are expanding rapidly mainly because the fruit holds well on the tree and does not puff like Satsuma.
Mineola
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The Minneola tangelo cultivar was introduced from the USA to Turkey in 1967 and 1973. Its vigorous trees have a spreading canopy. The leaves are broad and pointy. The fruit is slightly elongated. The rind is reddish-orange in colour, smooth and slightly adherent to the flesh. Minneola is juicy, aromatic and mildly sour. Although it is quite cold-hardy, growers in Turkey have lost interest in this cultivar in recent years for being very prone to the fungal disease alternaria citri.
Clementine
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The Clementine cultivar was introduced in Turkey in 1936 from Italy. Plantations in Turkey are mostly in the Mediterranean Region. The tree is medium in size, foliage and branches dense to create a round canopy. The dark orange rind is slightly pebbled. The rind is moderately adherent to the flesh yet it is easy to peel. It does not puff as much as other mandarin varieties. Clementine is a high yielding cultivar and is less prone to periodicity. High yield requires adequate pollinator varieties inside the plantation or apply growth hormones.
Tango
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Tangor is a fast-growing mandarin variety with an approximate unit weight of 90 grams. Correct pruning for the first seven years can return yields of up to 120 kg of fruit per tree. Tangor is tasty, seedless, easy to peel and the flesh is melting.
Robinson
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Like Nova, Robinson is a hybrid of Clementine mandarin and Orlando tangelo. The cultivar was introduced from the USA to Turkey in 1967 and 1973. The branches of the tree are without thorns yet prone to breaking. The leaves are broad and pointy. The fruit has a small collar close to the stem. The rind is thin, smooth and tightly adhered to the flesh however it is easy to peel. Robinson is suitable for transport and storage. The amount of seeds varies according to the pollinator. It is less prone to puffing. It is a high yielding cultivar and is not prone to periodicity. This early maturing varıety is harvested between November and December and the fruit keeps well on the tree. Plantations of this variety are expected grow rapidly in Turkey.
W.Murcott
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Although uncertain, this variety is believed to have originated from Algeria. The W. Murcott cultivar should not be confused with Murcott (Honey Tangerine). The rind is dark orange and the flesh is bright orange. W. Murcott matures towards the end of the harvest season (February-March). It is very sweet with a unique flavour. The colour is very attractive. The fruit is large and easy to peel.
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